Supervisory Multiple-Model Adaptive Preview LQR Control of a One-Story Active Mass Damper Under Scaled Earthquake Excitation

Abstract

Active mass damper control must reduce structural motion while respecting finite stroke and available actuator voltage under changing plant dynamics. This study develops a Supervisory Multiple-Model Adaptive Preview Linear Quadratic Regulator (SMMAP-LQR) for an offline numerical one-story structure under scaled earthquake excitation. SMMAP-LQR combines candidate-specific acceleration-weighted state feedback with affine full-record preview action and selects among 35 stiffness and actuator-effectiveness models through clipped one-step innovation weights, weight-ratio hysteresis and dwell time. The achieved table-motion record is generated before the structural response calculation and the preview sequence is obtained by backward recursion over that complete record. The evaluation compares an actively centered cart, an unpowered freely moving cart, the fixed pole-placement state-feedback comparator (PP-SF) generated by the manufacturer-provided design routine and SMMAP-LQR under identical nonlinear time-varying dynamics. A fixed-pair spectral-radius audit covers the matched candidate loops and the controller settings selected across the four earthquake records. For Northridge, SMMAP-LQR reduces RMS and peak floor acceleration by 73.23% and 83.67% relative to PP-SF. Peak cart travel, voltage and post-processed current remain 6.77 cm, 5.69 V and 1.56 A. Kobe, Imperial Valley and Cape Mendocino retain RMS reductions of 65.15–71.28% and peak reductions of 79.58–81.04% without retuning. These results establish the performance of the combined controller within the prescribed numerical envelope and do not represent a causal real-time implementation.