Aug 2026· Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research· Vol 16, pp. 38391-38396· 0 citations· 4 references
Abstract
Coal plant replacement with renewable energy sources reduces grid inertia, making frequency drops more severe during disturbances. Predicting inertia, frequency nadir (fnadir) and its time of occurrence (tnadir) in real time is a useful parameter for device control frequency maintenance strategies. This paper proposes a novel Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based model to predict inertia, fnadir, and tnadir in real time. The ANN model was trained, tested, and validated using data from a distribution system with a 50 ms sampling rate. The trained model, when integrated to the microgrid, is activated when the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) exceeds 0.04 Hz/s or the absolute frequency error surpasses 0.04 Hz. The predictions of the proposed model were compared with those of the classical method. It was found that the proposed ANN model performs better with a minimum error of 0.46%, an inference time under 100 ms, and an average error less than 1.3%. The model was validated on a modified IEEE standard distribution system with conventional generators and renewable energy sources (solar PV) in MATLAB/Simulink.
High penetration of renewable energy reduces power-system inertia and increases the need for fast-frequency-support resources. This study proposes an integrated virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control framework for clusters of variable-frequency air conditioners (VFACs). The proposed method incorporates synchronous-m...
Tian Gao, Yonghua Chen, Shaohua Liu et al.· Processes· 0 citations
With the increasing penetration of inverter-based renewable energy sources, low-inertia microgrids are more vulnerable to severe frequency excursions, high rates of change of frequency (RoCoF), and fast electromagnetic transients under sudden disturbances. This study proposes a coordinated supercapacitor-based virtual...
The regulated frequency in Micro Grid (MG) powered by Renewable Energy Sources (RES) raises some concerns because of the low inertia of the MG. The Virtual Inertia Control (VIC) is the concept of using an Energy Storage System (ESS) to enhance the inertia of an MG. The research proposes an Improved Sine Cosine Hyperbol...
P. N. Bhaskar, K. Udhayakumar, S. S. Sivaraju· 2026 International Conferenc...· 0 citations
With the high proportion of renewable energy connected to the grid through power electronic interfaces, the frequency support of the system gradually shifts from being dominated by traditional synchronous machine inertia to being dominated by control strategies. Its dynamic inertia exhibits obvious scene dependence and...
H.-B. Ma, Y. Li, Z. Wang et al.· Advanced Electromagnetics· 0 citations
This work puts forward an intelligent cascade control approach for frequency regulation of a low-inertia interconnected power system (IPS) under denial-of-service (DoS) attack and time delay (TD). The considered IPS incorporates a thermal power plant, solar and wind-based renewable energy source (RES), and a virtual sy...
Shivanand Pal, P. Pathak, Badal Kumar et al.· IEEE Canadian Journal of Ele...· 0 citations
Transmission system operators and protective relays compute the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) from frequency averaged over tens to hundreds of milliseconds, as standards and grid codes specify. Any response delivered inside that window lowers the measured RoCoF, so the inferred inertia depends on the window and t...
Christos M. Nikolakakos, Hassan Haes Alhelou, Nikos D. Hatziargyriou· 0 citations
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