TL;DR
This review synthesizes recent advances in immobilization strategies, carrier materials, and bacterial strains applied to heavy metal remediation, and examines how environmental factors—pH, temperature, pollutant concentration, and coexisting ions—govern removal performance.
Heavy metal accumulation in soil and water is highly detrimental to environmental sustainability and living organisms because of its long-term retention, toxic nature, and potential to develop various health issues. Bacterial remediation strategy is considered relatively efficient, environmentally friendly and a sustai...
Combining free cell systems with immobilized microbial consortia can greatly enhance dye removal efficiency while lowering treatment costs, and offer sustainable and scalable solutions for treating textile dye wastewater, promoting environmentally friendly wastewater management and supporting cleaner production in the...
Heavy metal ions are ubiquitous in water resources, toxic, and tend to bioaccumulate. Therefore, they represent a serious threat to the environment and to human health. The use of conventional treatment processes such as coagulation-flocculation, membrane separation, chemical precipitation and ion exchange processes ha...
Heavy metal (HM) contamination in aquatic environments remains a persistent global challenge driven by industrialization, mining activities, and agricultural runoff. Microalgae-based remediation has emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective technology, utilizing both passive surface biosorption and active intracellul...
Heavy metal (HM) contamination has become a critical threat to the agro-environment, impairing soil fertility, reducing crop productivity, and disrupting ecological balance. It often displays stunted growth, chlorosis, root rot, and ultimately death of plants in severe cases. Due to increased anthropogenic activities,...
Armed conflicts have caused severe degradation of water and soil resources through physical disturbance, contamination by heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, explosive residues, and disruption of hydrological systems. These impacts pose significant environmental and public health risks while challenging the effective...
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