A proteomic screen of S. pastorianus found that overexpression of STE20 and YPI1 led instead to the establishment of a flocculation morphology, giving first-time evidence that S. pastorianus repurposes the pseudohyphal signaling network for this phenotype.
Abstract
Lager is the most produced beer style world-wide and makes use of the bottom-fermenting hybrid yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus (S. cerevisiae x S. eubayanus). Previous research showed that flocculation in S. pastorianus, in contrast to the top-fermenting ale yeast S. cerevisiae, is triggered by nitrogen starvation. However, the cellular events leading to flocculation in S. pastorianus are not well characterized. Therefore, we conducted a proteomic screen of S. pastorianus TUM 34/70 and identified the protein kinase Ste20p and protein phosphatase regulatory subunit Ypi1p as higher abundant during flocculation. Overexpression of these genes caused a consistent and strong increase in flocculation rate over the complete duration of beer fermentation. Characterization of Ste20p and Ypi1p via a phospho-proteomics screen showed their targeting of proteins whose S. cerevisiae orthologues are involved in pseudohyphal growth. However, in contrast to this, the overexpression of STE20 and YPI1 led instead to the establishment of a flocculation morphology, giving first-time evidence that S. pastorianus repurposes the pseudohyphal signaling network for this phenotype.
60 candidate key genes associated with high xylose-to-ethanol yield in S. stipitis are identified, predominantly involved in the cell cycle pathway, including CDC15 and PHO81.
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Efficient saccharification of lignocellulose, the most abundant renewable carbon reservoir resource, is of great industrial importance. Trichoderma reesei is a premier cellulase producer, but its fermentation efficiency is often constrained by dual challenges: dissolved oxygen limitation and intrinsic oxidative stress. To address this, we engineered T. reesei to heterologously express a robust catalase gene (cat-3) from Neurospora crassa. The recombinant strain Tr-cNcat3 exhibited a 7.4-fold increase in extracellular catalase activity. Tr-cNcat3 showed an increase in total extracellular protein, resulting in markedly enhanced filter paper activity (FPA) and β-glucosidase activity compared to the control. Strikingly, this intervention specifically triggered a significantly higher expression of β-glucosidase, a known bottleneck in T. reesei’s cellulase system, particularly on bagasse and straw as the carbon source. Moreover, the ability of the supernatant to degrade cellulose substrates was improved. Our results reveal that overexpression of cat-3 in T. reesei could modify the cellulase cocktail by triggering a higher level of β-glucosidase. This study provides a novel and effective genetic engineering strategy to unlock the full industrial potential of T. reesei for cost-effective lignocellulosic biorefining.
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Metabolic engineering of Talaromyces pinophilus through promoter optimization, multicopy integration, and protease deletion enables efficient α-amylase production from lignocellulosic biomass, achieving 26 712 U/mL in bioreactor fermentation.
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The exogenous addition of xylose as a signal to initiate genetic editing achieved the spatiotemporal regulation of the target gene-activating gene editing that restricts growth only after the completion of the strain's growth phase, and raised the total pigment yield.
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