Performance Evaluation of a Battery Management System for an Islanded PV-Battery Micro-grid under Constant and Variable Load Conditions

Abstract

This paper presents a performance evaluation of a Battery Management System (BMS) for an islanded micro-grid combining photovoltaic (PV) and battery operating under constant and variable load conditions. The proposed system is designed to ensure reliable power supply, enhance battery lifespan, and maintain system stability without grid support. A detailed model integrating the PV generator, battery storage, and load profiles is developed and implemented in a simulation environment. The BMS includes charge-discharge control, and protection mechanisms to optimize battery usage while maintaining constant DC voltage. Two scenarios are analyzed: constant load and dynamic load conditions. Key performance indicators such as voltage regulation, SOC dynamics, charging and discharging efficiency are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the proposed BMS maintains stable operation and effectively adapts to load variations, ensuring efficient energy management and improved battery performance. These findings confirm the critical role of advanced BMS strategies in improving the reliability and operational efficiency of islanded PV-Battery micro-grids.