This paper compares how the Korean honorific system and English vocabulary each encode gender inequality through different mechanisms. English lost grammatical formality distinctions after "thou" and "thee" declined in the 17th century, so bias now surfaces through vocabulary: asymmetric use of professional titles, gendered marital titles ("Miss"/"Mrs." versus a uniform "Mr."), and higher rates of hedging language among women. Korean retains an obligatory grammatical honorific system, and evidence from spousal address, K-drama dialogue, and workplace interactions shows it applied asymmetrically, with women expected to show more deference than they receive. Because English bias operates through optional word choice, it is in principle avoidable; Korean's grammatically mandatory honorific endings make gendered deference a structural feature speakers cannot opt out of. The comparison suggests linguistic sexism is embedded more rigidly in languages with grammaticalized formality than in those relying on vocabulary alone.
The singular they in English has been the subject of debate in discussions of gender-fair language. However, Global Englishes have no problems in breaking away from linguistic norms maintained by native speakers of English, such as the case of the Philippines. As the national language, Filipino can be described to be g...
Maribeth A. Bante· Educational Role of Language...· 0 citations
This article examines how Social Gender is organized in Kazakh in the absence of grammatical gender. The study is based on a lexicographically verified corpus of Kazakh female nominations, supplemented by a limited contrastive set of gender-neutral and male-linked kinship terms. The material includes basic female refer...
Shokym Gulzhan, Muratbek Bagila, Mesut Kürüm et al.· Theory and Practice in Langu...· 0 citations
This study rigorously examines the significance of personal deictics in Arabic from an integrated semantic–pragmatic perspective, using Ziyārat Wārith as an analytical case study. It proceeds from the central hypothesis that personal deictics—particularly pronouns and vocative forms—extend far beyond a merely neutral r...
Nada Sami Naser· Natural Resources for Human...· 0 citations
Three decades after Kachru's characterization of English as a source of both “agony and ecstasy,” debates about its global spread remain ambivalent. Despite significant advances in world Englishes scholarship, celebratory and critical stances toward English continue to coexist, sharpened by the political polarization...
This paper investigates the sociolinguistic phenomenon of semantic pejoration in English, specifically examining why terms denoting female authority and occupation consistently undergo semantic derogation while the male equivalents do not. Focusing on three case studies mistress, spinster, and dame, this study utilizes...
Chen-Ying Pan· Literature Language and Cult...· 0 citations
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