Plastic waste management remains a significant environmental and economic challenge in developing countries, where insufficient recovery infrastructure hinders the transition toward sustainability. This study evaluates the industrialization of post-consumer plastics in Ecuador under the 2020 Law on Reuse and Reduction...
Rapid urbanization in Saudi Arabia has significantly increased municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, intensified environmental pressures and complicated sustainable waste management. Despite ongoing national initiatives aligned with Vision 2030, systematic integration of waste-to-energy (WtE) approaches remains limit...
Waste management (WM) is a critical global concern, intensifying with rising urban populations and the escalating volume of municipal solid waste (MSW). According to the World Bank, 2.01 billion metric tonnes of MSW are generated annually, with over 33% managed unsafely. Most low and middle-income countries still rely...
Municipal solid waste (MSW) are unwanted or undesirable products obtained from food-scraps, papers, plastics, electronic waste, metals, glass and other used materials from our day to day domestic, institutional and industrial activities which are discharged into the environment. However, as the global production of MSW...
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