This work introduces AcCoRD, a user-agent collaboration benchmark requiring agents to handle diverse user preference dynamics in two domains: online shopping and travel planning, and evaluates five frontier LLMs under two prompting strategies: vanilla ReAct, and an uncertainty-guided variant that prompts models to identify and resolve ambiguity about user preferences.
Abstract
User preferences in user-agent collaboration are rarely static and fully-specified upfront: preferences are formed, revealed, adjusted, and relaxed during interaction. Existing benchmarks for evaluating user-agent collaboration focus almost exclusively on resolving underspecified preferences, thereby failing to capture the richer dynamics of real-world interaction. We introduce AcCoRD, a user-agent collaboration benchmark requiring agents to handle diverse user preference dynamics in two domains: online shopping and travel planning. We evaluate five frontier LLMs under two prompting strategies: vanilla ReAct, and an uncertainty-guided variant that prompts models to identify and resolve ambiguity about user preferences. Our results reveal that frontier models can handle underspecification but struggle to satisfy preferences that emerge or evolve mid-interaction and require more sophisticated uncertainty modeling. Further, prompting alone fails to elicit the required uncertainty recognition. We release AcCoRD as a resource for developing agents that can navigate the full complexity of real-world user preferences.
NashEval is proposed, a general framework for robust contextual equilibrium learning that frame evaluation as a contextual game between two players, each selecting a distribution over agents as the strategy to receive greater collective preference than the other.
Hao-Rui Ma, Ze-Hua Zang, Jiang-Meng Li et al.· 0 citations
It is found that correctly inferring user preferences is necessary but not sufficient for task success, as execution failures in downstream web interactions remain a significant bottleneck even when agents align with the target preference.
Dong-Chan Shin, Xing Han Lù, Jiaqi Deng et al.· 0 citations
CAVEAT-Harness is developed, which targets failures and raises the optimal purchase rate by up to 80.0 percentage points, and targeted post-training further improves a smaller open model, to establish incentive robustness as a distinct challenge for delegated agents and diagnose failure modes.
Yuxuan Li, Will Epperson, W. Deng et al.· 1 citation
Agentic Conversational Recommender Systems (ACRSs) are designed to recommend through multi-turn dialogue with users whose needs are not fully formed at the outset. However, their evaluation almost exclusively relies on user simulators that instantiate users with clear, pre-formed needs, reducing the interaction to a re...
Alessandro Petruzzelli, Alessandro Francesco Maria Martina, C. Musto et al.· Proceedings of the 20th ACM...· 1 citation
To quantify collaboration effectiveness in addition to conventional binary task success, Causal Collaboration Effectiveness (CCE) is proposed, a graph-based metric that traces causal dependencies between agent actions and measures what fraction of a team's effort actually contributed to the outcome.
Raphael Shu, Yu-Sen Zhang, Y. Cho et al.· 0 citations
Next-turn user reactions provide actionable local credit for improving multi-turn user-interacting agents and improves the nine-domain $\tau$-family average across three independently trained runs.
Yi-Wen Zhao, Zhihao Wen, Yuchen Mao et al.· 1 citation
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