Understanding a Decade of Outcome-Based Education in India: A Review of Implementation Challenges and Educational Outcomes

Abstract

Outcome-Based Education (OBE) is a paradigm shift in Indian engineering instruction, with the aim of enhancing quality and relevance of educational programs. This review paper discusses the implementation of OBE in Indian engineering colleges, focusing on problems faced and educational outcomes reported in the literature. The review integrates findings from published research studies to cite major impediments like inadequate faculty training, disconnect between learning outcomes and assessment strategies, and resistance to pedagogical transformation in institutions. It also checks against cited impacts on student learning, development of graduate skills, and curriculum design. The review findings are that although OBE has brought a learner-centred and more holistic conception of education, its impact varies widely between institutions. The study identifies areas requiring increased priority and suggests avenues for further integrating OBE into engineering education. This review adds to a better understanding of the prevailing state of OBE in India and proposes areas of research and practice in the future.