ALARA PRINCIPLE IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY PRACTICE:A REVIEW STUDY
TL;DR
This review paper focuses on the application of the ALARA principle in conventional radiography, computed tomography, fluoroscopy and interventional radiology with particular emphasis on patient-centered dose optimization and occupational radiation safety.
Abstract
Diagnostic radiology is based on the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle that ensures the least radiation exposure to a patient and adequate diagnosis. This review paper focuses on the application of the ALARA principle in conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy and interventional radiology with particular emphasis on patient-centered dose optimization and occupational radiation safety. Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2000 onwards. The review discusses some of the main principles related to radiation protection—justification, optimization and dose limitation—in order to understand how unnecessary radiation exposures can be reduced. It also discusses its association with technical advancement and advances in digital radiography, automatic exposure control, iterative reconstruction, artificial intelligence, and dose monitoring systems to aid ALARA implementation. Customizable protocols are especially relevant in the field of pediatric imaging and other sub-populations who are radiosensitive, where flexibility based on risks may be necessary due to clinical findings. In addition, the review highlights that quality assurance programs, ongoing professional educational updates and collaboration of healthcare providers along with national institutional guidelines geared toward safe imaging are essential. In conclusion, the correct implementation of ALARA improves patient and occupational safety so that diagnostic accuracy is preserved and the quality of radiological services increases