Aug 2026· Bilingualism: Language and Cognition· pp. 1-13· 0 citations· 44 references
Abstract
Language control in bilinguals is often studied using switch and mixing costs, primarily with bilinguals who separate the languages they speak by context. However, some bilinguals, such as Lebanese Arabic–French speakers, use languages in an integrated manner, by code-switching daily, a pattern captured by language entropy. This study examines language-switching costs and benefits in 62 frequent code switchers (FCS) using cued and voluntary picture-naming tasks. Results showed reduced switch and mixing costs in the
voluntary
condition compared to the
cued
condition. Half the participants even exhibited a mixing benefit when switching freely, modulated by L2 proficiency, with more balanced bilinguals showing larger benefits. In line with De Bruin et al. (2018), these findings suggest that less constrained language switching may reduce language control demands, and for FCS, mixing languages can even be easier than having to stay in one. Findings remain to be supported by more ecological discourse-based research.
Bilingual speakers must regulate cross-language competition to communicate effectively, yet this regulation typically unfolds under concurrent cognitive demands. To characterise how cognitive load shapes bilingual control, we used a dual-task picture-naming paradigm in which 78 proficient Chinese-English bilinguals per...
This study investigates a previously unexplored aspect of bilingual language control in young children: the ability to engage proactive control mechanisms during language switching. Using a novel cued language-switching paradigm, we examined whether Croatian-German bilingual children aged 4–11 can utilize advance prepa...
Language control is central to bilingual research and is often assumed to interact with cognitive control. However, it remains unclear how language-internal lexical properties shape this relationship. Lexical imageability influences lexical access in both monolingual and bilingual processing and may therefore modulate...
Qingwei Xue, Zhu-Rui Zhang, Yi Liu et al.· Current Psychology· 0 citations
Introduction: Multilingual speakers frequently report that operating in a different language involves more than a change in grammatical system. The phenomenon at issue is linguistic frame switching (LFS): the involuntary reorganisation of cognitive, emotional, and identity-relevant schemas when a multilingual speaker m...
Judith Zangerle· Academia Neuroscience and Br...· 0 citations
Inner speech is usually treated as private cognition, yet its language may reflect socially organized repertoires. This mixed-methods study examined language choice, mixed inner speech, and within-episode code-switching among Putonghua–dialect users in China. Phase 1 involved 360 adults completing a fully crossed 2 × 3...
Ran Qiao· International Journal of Lan...· 0 citations
Code-switching (CS), alternation between two languages, is pervasive yet complex among bilinguals. Variationist work examines community-level patterns, while sociocultural approaches emphasize its role in constructing social meaning and negotiating identity. This study examines how fluency and cultural identity sha...
A. Chan· International Journal of Bil...· 0 citations
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