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Just transition and the local community: the lessons of successful transitions in the western Balkans

2026 · SEER · Vol 29, pp. 9-34 · 0 citations

Abstract

Montenegro is facing a complex socioeconomic and energy transformation within the framework of EU accession and decarbonisation targets from the ‘Fit for 55’ initiative and the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans. In this context, the concept of a just transition, ensuring that the shift toward a carbon-neutral economy is fair and inclusive, has gained in prominence. This article provides a comprehensive review of the just transition framework in Montenegro and seeks to support the perspective of a democratic, inclusive and regionally coordinated approach to the energy transition. It identifies and draws on several examples of lessons from other transition communities in the western Balkans and provides a case study of Pljevlja, where there is a coal-fired power plant built to take advantage of local fossil fuel infrastructure. The article identifies the opportunities which a just transition might provide to secure economic diversification and improve local opportunities while doing so in an equitable way. It concludes with a series of recommendations embedding just transition as a viable, progressive policy tool.

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