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SINTESIS PEMIKIRAN SOSIAL, DEMOKRASI, INSTITUSI, DAN PEMBANGUNAN: TELAAH AKTUAL TERHADAP KONTRIBUSI INTELEKTUAL IBNU KHALDUNDAN IBNU RUSYD

Aug 2026 · YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora · 0 citations · 28 references

Abstract

ABSTRACT Classical Islamic political philosophy and sociology are often regarded as historical artifacts with limited relevance to contemporary socio-political issues. This study aims to reconstruct and critically synthesize the sociological thought of Ibn Khaldun and the legal-political rationalism of Ibn Rushd in addressing contemporary challenges related to democracy, development, and institutional governance. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research and hermeneutic-comparative analysis of the primary works Al-Muqaddimah, Fasl al-Maqal, and Al-Daruri fi al-Siyasah. The findings indicate that the concept of ashabiyah (social solidarity) plays a significant role in strengthening social cohesion and reducing the risk of social disintegration caused by political polarization. Furthermore, Ibn Rushd's concept of as-siyasah al-jamiah emphasizes the importance of political participation, freedom of thought, and equality as fundamental principles of inclusive governance. The analysis also suggests that Ibn Khaldun's ideas on the cyclical decline of institutions and fiscal justice highlight the importance of limiting the concentration of power and implementing balanced taxation policies. This study concludes that integrating Ibn Khaldun's sociological perspective with Ibn Rushd's political rationalism demonstrates the potential to serve as a conceptual framework for understanding and addressing contemporary challenges in democracy, development, and institutional governance in the twenty-first century. ABSTRAK Kajian filsafat politik dan sosiologi Islam klasik sering diposisikan sebagai artefak sejarah yang dinilai memiliki keterbatasan relevansi terhadap berbagai persoalan sosial-politik kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi dan mensintesis secara kritis pemikiran sosiologis Ibnu Khaldun dan rasionalisme hukum-politik Ibnu Rusyd dalam merespons tantangan demokrasi, pembangunan, dan kelembagaan modern. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif berbasis studi pustaka (library research) dengan analisis hermeneutika-komparatif terhadap karya Al-Muqaddimah, Fasl al-Maqal, dan Al-Daruri fi al-Siyasah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep ashabiyah sebagai solidaritas sosial memiliki peran penting dalam memperkuat kohesi masyarakat dan mengurangi risiko disintegrasi akibat polarisasi politik. Selain itu, pemikiran Ibnu Rusyd mengenai as-siyasah al-jamiah menekankan pentingnya partisipasi politik, kebebasan berpikir, dan kesetaraan sebagai landasan tata kelola pemerintahan yang inklusif. Analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa gagasan Ibnu Khaldun mengenai siklus kemunduran institusi dan keadilan fiskal mengindikasikan implikasi terhadap pentingnya pengendalian konsentrasi kekuasaan serta pengelolaan kebijakan perpajakan yang proporsional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi perspektif sosiologis Ibnu Khaldun dan rasionalisme politik Ibnu Rusyd menunjukkan potensi sebagai kerangka konseptual dalam memahami serta merespons tantangan demokrasi, pembangunan, dan kelembagaan pada konteks abad ke-21.

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