Development Model of Sustainable Agrosilvopastoral-Based Beef Cattle Farming in the Western Region of Central Kalimantan
Abstract
The beef cattle subsector is vital for national food security. However, Indonesia faces a persistent supply gap and reliance on imports. West Central Kalimantan (Sukamara, West Kotawaringin, and Lamandau) possesses significant potential for local beef cattle development, yet productivity remains constrained by limited feed systems and weak sectoral integration. This study aimed to formulate a sustainable agrosilvopastoral development model for the region. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) with qualitative data from 135 respondents. The EFA identified four key factors: technical, economic, socio-institutional, and environmental, with technical aspects being the most dominant. MDS analysis indicated that the system is moderately sustainable, identifying technology as the weakest dimension. Sensitivity analysis revealed that year-round feed availability, livestock-plantation integration, institutional support, and market access are the most critical leverage points for sustainability. Based on these findings, an agrosilvopastoral model was developed, integrating livestock, agriculture, and forestry by optimizing local resources such as oil palm plantations and industrial forests. The model enhances land-use efficiency, productivity, and farmer income while strengthening environmental resilience. This research provides a context-specific, applicable strategy to support sustainable livestock development and national food security