Asparagus racemosus (Linn.): A Review of its phytochemistry, biological activities, and therapeutic potential

Abstract

Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) is a medicinal plant that is valued for its diverse phytochemical composition and wide range of pharmacological properties. This plant contains various phytochemicals such as flavonoids, steroidal saponins (particularly shatavarins), phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to its biological activities. This review summarizes current knowledge on the phytochemical profile and major therapeutic effects of A. racemosus, with emphasis on its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, antiplasmodial, antidiarrheal, anticancer, and anti-abortifacient activities. The various experimental studies indicate that these phytochemical constituents help protect against oxidative stress, promote gastric mucosal defense, inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, suppress malaria parasites, regulate abnormal cell proliferation, reduce intestinal disorders, and support reproductive health. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, additional clinical investigations and standardized phytochemical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. Overall, A. racemosus remains a promising source of plant-derived bioactive compounds for the development of evidence-based therapeutic agents.