A Xanthomonas effector increases virulence quantitatively by inducing at least three minor susceptibility genes

Abstract

The transcription activator-like effector Tal12a is widely conserved among Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains that cause black rot in Brassica crops. However, its role in disease remains unclear. To investigate how Tal12a contributes to pathogenesis, we combined transcriptomic profiling of cauliflower leaves infected with Tal12a-expressing strains, prediction of TALE-binding elements, and heterologous expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. The aim of this approach was to identify candidate susceptibility genes. Artificial TALEs were further employed to validate the contribution of these candidate targets to disease development. Tal12a enhanced both virulence and bacterial growth in cauliflower. Transcriptome analysis revealed 380 genes that were induced upon infection, nine of which were prioritised as candidates. Seven of these were confirmed as direct Tal12a targets, while the induction of the sugar transporter genes BoSWEET13 and BoSWEET14c likely occurred indirectly. Functional assays demonstrated that these two SWEET genes and the BoIAA7c gene, which encodes auxin-dependent transcriptional regulator, contribute to disease development. These findings identify the first susceptibility genes in cauliflower and reveal that Tal12a promotes disease through a complex transcriptional reprogramming, involving direct and indirect target induction, with several genes functioning as minor susceptibility factors.