INTEGRATED GEOSCIENCE, AND GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION IN THE KHEWARI BLOCK, SINDH, PAKISTAN

Abstract

The Khewari Block, located in the structurally complex Lower Indus Basin of Sindh, Pakistan, occupies a tectonically favorable yet insufficiently explored sector of a Mesozoic–Cenozoic rifted basin known for its hydrocarbon prospectivity. This study employs an integrated geophysical geospatial workflow to confine subsurface architecture and assess reservoir potential. Extensive interpretation of 2D seismic profiles identifies a system of NE-SW oriented normal faults, horsts, grabens, and local compressional structures, producing a wide range of trap geometries, including fault-bounded closures, rollover anticlines, and tilted fault blocks. Time and depth structure mapping refines horizon geometries and identifies structurally isolated blocks with enhanced trapping potential. Bouguer and residual gravity anomaly maps further resolve density differences associated with uplifted carbonate platforms and sediment filled troughs, confirming segmentation of the structure based on seismic data. Surface dataset complements, such as DEM-based elevation, slope models, and land-use classification, offer further limitations on terrain accessibility, drainage systems, and operational capabilities. The integration of surface and subsurface datasets reduces the uncertainty in the interpretation process, improves the delineation of traps, and contributes to the most effective well-placement planning. The multidisciplinary approach illustrates the effectiveness of integrating seismic reflection, gravity modelling, and surface-based GIS analysis to create a coherent structural framework of frontier basins. The workflow is transferable to other data-limited regions and provides a robust foundation for evidence-based hydrocarbon exploration and decision making.