Fostering Innovation and Research Ecosystems in Vietnamese Universities in the Context of Digital Transformation

Abstract

Vietnamese higher education is undergoing a fundamental transformation in which its traditional teaching mission is increasingly complemented by the responsibilities of knowledge creation and innovation development. This study examines the current state of innovation ecosystems within higher education institutions and identifies key structural bottlenecks under the influence of emerging policy orientations, particularly Politburo Resolutions No. 57 and No. 71. The research employs a qualitative approach based on an extensive review of international academic literature, analysis of domestic policy documents, and examination of representative innovation models implemented by major Vietnamese universities. The findings indicate that although innovation ecosystems are gradually emerging within Vietnamese universities, they remain fragmented and lack sufficient institutional depth and systemic integration. The interactions among universities, enterprises, and governmental actors have yet to evolve into a mature and self-sustaining innovation ecosystem. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated analytical framework that combines the Smart University model with the Triple Helix approach. This framework is expected to strengthen research capacity, facilitate knowledge transfer, and enhance innovation performance within the context of digital transformation. The paper further provides policy recommendations aimed at improving institutional arrangements, fostering university industry collaboration, promoting digital governance, and accelerating the commercialization of research outcomes.