Evalution CD11b, CD4, IL-17A and IL-23 as Biomarkers Immunological in Patients with Behçet’s Disease

Abstract

Behçet's disease is an uncommon multisystem inflammatory condition characterized by immune-mediated vasculitis affecting vessels of different calibers. Clinically, it presents with recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, dermatological manifestations, and ocular involvement, reflecting its systemic nature. The present study was designed to characterize gut microbial patterns in patients diagnosed with Behçet’s disease and to assess selected immune biomarkers — IL-17A, IL-23, CD4, and CD11b — as potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Participants were recruited from Al-Sadr Medical City between December 2024 and September 2025, with ages ranging from 11 to 51 years. Venous blood samples were obtained from patients, and serum concentrations of IL-17A, IL-23, CD4, and CD11b were quantified using the ELISA technique. The study population showed a predominance of male patients, with the highest frequency observed in the 22–31-year age group. Statistical analysis demonstrated significantly elevated serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23 in Behçet’s patients compared with healthy controls. Similarly, CD4 and CD11b expression levels were markedly increased. A strong positive correlation was identified among these immune markers, suggesting coordinated immunological activation. In conclusion, IL-17A, IL-23, CD4, and CD11b may serve as valuable diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in Behçet’s disease, and their interrelationship highlights their potential role in disease pathogenesis and progression.