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Physicochemical characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment of hydrothermally synthesized hydroxyapatite from oyster shells

Jul 2026 · JOURNAL OF METALS, MATERIALS AND MINERALS · Vol 36, pp. e2657 · 0 citations · 45 references

Abstract

Naturally produced Hydroxyapatite (HAP) yields beneficial attributes with regards to its biological functions including cell compatibility, proliferation and osteoinduction. This study synthesized HAP from oyster shells as a calcium source with multiple hydrothermal reaction times including 1 h, 6 h and 24 h at 150℃. A wet precipitated control sample was produced at room temperature. Characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and BET were conducted, followed by a degradation analysis. Bio-compatibility study of Oys-HAP was performed against Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells. The results showed nano scaled elongated and oval-shaped Oys-HAP particles with high crystallinity, beta-type carbonated, non-stoichiometric Ca/P ratio with a maximum surface area of 41.39 m2·g‒1. Furthermore, Oys-HAP samples were non-toxic and significantly enhanced Saos-2 cell proliferation by 65.6% compared to the negative control. These findings demonstrate the potential of oyster shell-derived Oys-HAP as a sustainable and effective biomaterial for biomedical applications.

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