The bamboo shell-derived HAp/Alg composite produced at pH 10 was a potential candidate for localized antibacterial drug delivery systems in biomedical applications and carried clindamycin efficiently carried on the composite matrix and released in a sustained manner.
Abstract
Bacterial infections, especially those caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, still pose a significant challenge for biomedical applications, such as the management of wound and bone infections. This investigation aimed to prepare and characterize hydroxyapatite–alginate (HAp/Alg) composites from bamboo shell waste at several synthesis pHs (7–10) and to study their potential as clindamycin-loaded antibacterial drug delivery systems. XRD results showed that hydroxyapatite was the main crystalline phase in all samples, while FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of both hydroxyapatite and alginate in the composite. As a result, the smallest crystallite size of HAp/Alg-10 (21.25 nm) among the composites that were investigated was considered for an in-depth characterization. The average particle size of the sub-micron particles observed through SEM analysis was around 669 nm, while elemental analysis using EDS revealed that Ca, P, O, and C were the major elemental constituents, along with a Ca/P atomic ratio of 2.15. Release profile characteristics (for clindamycin-loaded HAp/Alg composite) showed an initial burst release followed by a slower sustained-release stage, collecting to 69% cumulative release after 8 h. Antibacterial tests indicated that S. aureus-biotic treatment produced inhibition zones of 7 mm and E. coli zone diameters of 4 mm (>1–2 mm for cells not treated with biotics from the unloaded HAp/Alg composite). These outcomes also imply that clindamycin was efficiently carried on the composite matrix and released in a sustained manner. In conclusion, the bamboo shell-derived HAp/Alg composite produced at pH 10 was a potential candidate for localized antibacterial drug delivery systems in biomedical applications
Developing multifunctional biomaterials for treating tumours and preventing infections remains a major clinical challenge. This study presents the synthesis and evaluation of sodium alginate (SA) composite films incorporating borate glass (BG) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (S1–S5). FTIR analysis confirmed successful BG-alginate condensation and Cu2+-carboxylate coordination, evidenced by the attenuation of the O–H band (∼3300 cm−1) and new C–O–B/C–O–C modes (1300–1200 cm−1). XRD results revealed a progressive structural evolution from amorphous (S1) to semi-crystalline (S5), with the crystallinity index increasing from 14% to 28.2%. UV-vis's spectroscopy showed material stability and tunable optical band gaps (2.8–3.7 eV). SEM-EDX showed copper-rich particulate surfaces (11.1% in S5). Biological assays demonstrated a non-linear composition–activity relationship. Sample S2 (1% CuO, 4% BG) exhibited exceptional in vitro anticancer potency against a human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) with IC50 ≈ 3 µg mL−1. Sample S5 exhibited superior antibacterial activity, yielding a 29 mm inhibition zone against P. aeruginosa outperforming clindamycin with broad-spectrum MIC values of 62.5 µg mL−1 for P. aeruginosa and 125 µg mL−1 for S. aureus. These findings establish SA/BG–CuO films as multifunctional biomaterials for osteosarcoma therapy and infection control.
Islam G. Ali, A. F. Mabied, T. M. Tiama et al.· RSC Advances· 0 citations
Bioactive strength is crucial for load-bearing biomaterials. Although hydroxyapatite is highly biocompatible, it has brittleness and a lack of dual-ion substitution in polymeric scaffold studies. In this work, Ce/Fe doped HAP was synthesized by chemical precipitation and solvent cast onto PLA films. Phase-pure HAP with no secondary phases and a crystallite size decrease from 2.58-0.85 nm following doping was confirmed by XRD. Its structural integrity was confirmed by FTIR, which showed the distinctive phosphate and hydroxyl bands 550-627, 964.7, 1026, 3441 and 650 cm-1. While EDAX confirmed the distribution of Ca, P, Ce and Fe with Ca/P ratios between 1.64 and 1.67. SEM showed homogeneous morphology. Nanorod structures measuring roughly 50-100 nm in length and 15-20 nm in width were revealed by TEM investigation. Enhanced surface reactivity was indicated by a rise in BET surface area from 89.17-105.82 m2/g and pore-volume from 0.411-0.499 cm3/g. Rapid apatite-nucleation and thick Ca/P-rich layer development were encouraged by in vitro bioactivity in SBF. Because enhanced dispersion stability and decreased particle agglomeration promote cellular interaction and lessen harmful effects, DLS analysis revealed nanosized with stable zeta potential, which correlates with the reported MG-63 cell viability reaching 84%. Excellent hemocompatibility was demonstrated by the fabricated dual ion doped HAP/PLA composite. Microhardness improved by almost 85%, rising from 73 HV to 135 HV. Ce/Fe doped HAP sample possess superior anti-microbial efficiency against both gram (+)'ve and gram (-)'ve strains. These findings demonstrate the complementary effects of polymer reinforcement and dual-ion doping, suggesting great promise for Osteo-regenerative applications.
Sabitha R, Kumaraguru S, Issathul Riswan M et al.· Journal of Biomaterials Scie...· 0 citations
The obtained results confirm the potential of PLA-based composites modified with hydroxyapatite and gentamicin as functional biodegradable materials for implant applications in regions with moderate mechanical loading, combining mechanical support, bioactivity, and local antimicrobial protection.
A. Khrustaleva, A. Yedrissov, D. Khrustalev et al.· Medicine and ecology· 0 citations
Using a plant-assisted sol–gel strategy, a hydroxyapatite–zinc oxide (HAp/ZnO) composite was produced from Padalarang calcite and lemon (Citrus limon L.) extract. The calcite supplied the calcium component, while constituents of the lemon extract promoted metal-ion complexation and helped control precursor stabilization. This environmentally friendly approach reduces the use of hazardous chemicals while facilitating the formation and stabilization of the composite precursor during the sol–gel process. The synthesized HAp/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited crystalline HAp and ZnO phases and the mean crystallite dimension calculated from the diffraction data was 45.52 nm. XRF analysis confirmed the elemental composition and Ca/P ratio, while FTIR spectroscopy identified the characteristic functional groups of HAp and ZnO. Further, SEM observations revealed the particle morphology of the nanocomposite. In disk-diffusion testing against Escherichia coli, the inhibition diameter increased from 5 mm at 5 mg/mL to 15 mm at 20 mg/mL. The antibacterial response was interpreted mainly in terms of ZnO-derived reactive oxygen species and the action of released Zn2+ ions. The findings of this study indicate that the synthesized HAp/ZnO nanocomposite is a promising candidate material for further investigation in the development of sustainable antibacterial biomaterials.
Arie Hardian, Farah Fauziyah, Teguh Karya et al.· Journal of Mathematical and...· 0 citations
Naturally produced Hydroxyapatite (HAP) yields beneficial attributes with regards to its biological functions including cell compatibility, proliferation and osteoinduction. This study synthesized HAP from oyster shells as a calcium source with multiple hydrothermal reaction times including 1 h, 6 h and 24 h at 150℃. A wet precipitated control sample was produced at room temperature. Characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and BET were conducted, followed by a degradation analysis. Bio-compatibility study of Oys-HAP was performed against Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells. The results showed nano scaled elongated and oval-shaped Oys-HAP particles with high crystallinity, beta-type carbonated, non-stoichiometric Ca/P ratio with a maximum surface area of 41.39 m2·g‒1. Furthermore, Oys-HAP samples were non-toxic and significantly enhanced Saos-2 cell proliferation by 65.6% compared to the negative control. These findings demonstrate the potential of oyster shell-derived Oys-HAP as a sustainable and effective biomaterial for biomedical applications.
Amin Saiff Johari, N. Zulkepli, Nur Shahida KADER BASHAH et al.· JOURNAL OF METALS, MATERIALS...· 0 citations
The widespread use of plastic-based medical materials, such as bandages, syringes, and biomedical packaging, has led to serious health problems owing to their inappropriate disposal and non-biodegradability. This study focused on the fabrication and characterization of potato-starch-based films infused with amoxicillin-loaded CuONPs (AMX-CuONPs) for biomedical applications. CuONPs were synthesized using Bacopa monnieri leaf extract, which was functionalized with amoxicillin. The properties of the bio-nanocomposite films were characterized morphologically (SEM and EDX), mechanically (tensile strength and elongation at break), structurally (XRD and FTIR), and for biodegradability and antimicrobial activity. The AMX-CuONPs bio-nanocomposite film (AC-BF) exhibited a thickness of 0.69 mm, density of 1.33 g/cm3, tensile strength of 0.63 MPa, and the highest elongation break of 49%. XRD analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the film, while FTIR analysis revealed the functional groups such as C-H, O-H, C = O, C = C, and Cu-O, indicating AMX-CuONPs integration into the starch-based films. SEM analysis showed homogeneity and particles embedded on the surface of AC-BF. Furthermore, AC-BF showed rapid biodegradation within 35 days, whereas the maximum zone of inhibition was observed in Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and non-AMR bacterial strains. These results suggest the potential of these materials for biomedical packaging, wound healing bandages, and patch applications.
Avani Thakkar, T. Darji, G. Priyadarshi et al.· Discover Materials· 0 citations