Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling identifies a fibroblast-like endothelial state and the MDK-NCL signaling axis in prostate cancer microenvironment remodeling

Abstract

Highlights • Single-cell analysis identified a fibroblast-like endothelial state in prostate cancer.• The MDK-NCL axis marked active tumor microenvironment communication.• FLE enrichment was associated with stromal remodeling and poor prognosis.• The FLE-related signature stratified patient risk across three independent cohorts.• NCL silencing inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in vitro.