Oct 2026· Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Abstract
This paper proposes an operational software architecture grounded in the conceptual framework B+F=Nf, where B denotes functional processing (biological or algorithmic), F denotes the sovereign human witness, and Nf denotes the narrative trace produced when B passes through F. The paper introduces the F-Request Protocol as an engineering mechanism for human oversight in high- stakes AI systems, imposing a mandatory halt at semantically defined thresholds and requiring the user to provide a micro-narrative justification before endorsing a decision. The paper poses an exploratory research question: what is the preliminary effect size of mandatory justification and perceived accountability on hallucination acceptance rates in a simulated environment? The proposed pilot study is designed to estimate variance and the sample size required for a future randomized controlled trial; its results are not intended to support definitive conclusions about protocol efficacy. This study tests the behavioral impact of perceived accountability in a simulated setting and does not evaluate the technical or cryptographic infrastructure of the Nf-Ledger itself
This publication proposes a definition and a classification of agile software development approaches and analyses ten software development methods that can be characterized as being "agile" against the defined criterion.
P. Abrahamsson, O. Salo, Jussi Ronkainen et al.· arXiv.org· 727 citations· ⚡54
The study shows that agile practices improve both informal and formal communication, but indicates that, in larger development situations involving multiple external stakeholders, a mismatch of adequate communication mechanisms can sometimes even hinder the communication.
M. Pikkarainen, Jukka Haikara, O. Salo et al.· Empirical Software Engineeri...· 401 citations· ⚡48
The results indicate that software engineering work practices are chosen opportunistically, adapted and configured to provide value under the constrains imposed by the startup context.
Nicolò Paternoster, Carmine Giardino, M. Unterkalmsteiner et al.· Information and Software Tec...· 394 citations· ⚡54
The results show that the embedded industry has been able to apply agile methods in its development processes and that the appreciation of the agile methods and their individual practices appears to increase once adopted and applied in practice.
O. Salo, P. Abrahamsson· IET Software· 238 citations· ⚡9
Consequences of happiness and unhappiness that are beneficial and detrimental for developers' mental well-being, the software development process, and the produced artifacts are found.
D. Graziotin, Fabian Fagerholm, Xiaofeng Wang et al.· Journal of Systems and Softw...· 236 citations· ⚡13
The Mobile-D approach is briefly outlined here and the experiences gained from four case studies are discussed, which helped develop an agile development approach for mobile application development.
P. Abrahamsson, Antti Hanhineva, H. Hulkko et al.· Conference on Object-Oriente...· 225 citations· ⚡18
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