Biomimetic Silica Nanomotors Loaded with Food-Derived Antithrombotic Peptides for NIR Photothermal Efficient Clot Thrombolysis-Anticoagulation.

Abstract

Here we report a fuel-free, all-optical platform that overcomes key limitations of conventional thrombolysis and offers a promising strategy for targeted, combined thrombolytic-anticoagulant vascular therapy based on food-derived bioactive substances. Thrombotic diseases remain difficult to treat because mature fibrin-rich clots restrict drug penetration, while systemic thrombolytics carry substantial bleeding risks. To address these challenges, we developed a near-infrared (NIR)-propelled biomimetic nanomotor (NM) loaded with a food-derived antithrombotic peptide to achieve integrated thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy. The NM consists of a mesoporous silica core co-loaded with this food-derived antithrombotic peptide and a heat-labile nitric oxide donor, decorated with photothermal platinum nanoparticles, and cloaked with a natural platelet membrane for active targeting. Under 808 nm NIR irradiation, the NM generates a localized temperature gradient that drives self-thermophoretic motion to improve interaction with fibrin networks. Simultaneously, the photothermal effect facilitates the release of both therapeutic agents at the thrombus site. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated rapid clot dissolution (>93.5% lysis in vitro, 94.2% blood flow recovery in vivo) without inducing hemolysis or systemic bleeding.