Occupational Medicine In The Prevention And Management Of Workplace Related Cancer: Mechanisms, Strategies And Emerging Challenges

Abstract

Background: Occupational cancer represents a major but underrecognized public health challenge, contributing to an estimated 8% of global cancer cases. Workers in high-risk industries, such as construction, chemical manufacturing, and mining, face prolonged exposure to carcinogens including asbestos, benzene, and aromatic amines. Objectives: This review examines the role of occupational medicine in identifying, managing, and preventing cancers linked to workplace exposures, while addressing diagnostic advances, regulatory frameworks, and preventive strategies. Methods: A narrative review of existing literature, regulatory documents, and surveillance data was conducted, focusing on biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis, industry-specific risks, diagnostic innovations, and prevention policies. Results: Occupational carcinogenesis involves mechanisms such as genotoxicity, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations, and chronic inflammation. Key carcinogens include vinyl chloride and chromium VI. Advances in biomarker analysis and health surveillance enhance early detection and risk assessment. Regulatory measures, ranging from IARC classifications to national compensation laws, provide frameworks for protection but face implementation barriers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Preventive strategies based on the hierarchy of controls, health education, and green chemistry remain central, while emerging concerns include underreporting, nanoparticle exposure, and psychosocial impacts. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach is essential for reducing the burden of occupational cancer. Future directions include digital surveillance systems, personalized occupational medicine, and stronger global collaborations to ensure workplace safety and equitable health outcomes.