Development and testing the effectiveness of KNX-based smart building learning media using a 4-D model for control systems at vocational schools

Abstract

This research was conducted to develop and test the effectiveness of KNX-based smart building system learning media as a learning tool for vocational school students in control systems using a 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Dissemination). The study began with a need analysis to identify gaps between conventional learning and smart building industry demands, followed by the design of KNX trainer kits and project-based learning; then, it continued with expert validation and student trials, and finally, it was disseminated to assess practicality and implementation potential. The results revealed that the media achieved a high level of validity, with an average Aiken’s V value of 0.90 (very valid), whereas the practicality test resulted in an average score of 47.8, which was categorized as very practical, with 78% of the students providing very practical responses. The effectiveness test showed an average N-Gain value of 0.46 (medium category), indicating a moderate improvement in student learning outcomes, with 63% of students in the medium category, 15% in the high category, and 22% in the low category. These findings indicate that the KNX-based smart building learning media is valid, very practical, and moderately effective at improving students’ understanding of network-based automation systems, programming, and problem-solving skills and contributes to the development of vocational education based on industrial technology in support of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0.