A Competency-Based Smart Classroom Framework for Language Instruction in Higher Education

Abstract

The goal of this study was to create a holistic competence profile for language-teaching lecturers at institutions of higher education that incorporates pedagogical, digital, and institutional dimensions. The methodology adopted in this study was an exploratory design using a mixed-methods strategy that included 120 lecturers in the three main regions of Java. The findings demonstrate that the lecturers had a mediocre to good knowledge of the core concepts of the smart classroom and were comparatively well-prepared for the technology. However, the implementation of active learning strategies remains uneven and institutional support is not yet fully maximized. The lecturers’ reflections indicated a high motivation for them to innovate, but they still lacked training and sufficient technical support. The results informed the generation of a Competency-Based Smart Classroom Framework that may function as a foundation of theoretical and practical insights for implementing technology-based learning effectively and sustainably at the tertiary level. The framework has the potential to guide training, policy, and classroom practice at the university level.