Acceptance of Google Gemini among Malaysian Higher Institution Students: A Technology Acceptance Model Approach

Abstract

The increasing use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education has created a need to understand students’ acceptance of emerging AI platforms such as Google Gemini. This study examined the acceptance and use of Google Gemini among higher education institution (HEI) students using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Specifically, the study investigated the relationships between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, intention to use and actual use. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 146 students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Terengganu and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Five of the six proposed relationships were supported. Perceived ease of use significantly influenced perceived usefulness and attitude, while perceived usefulness significantly influenced attitude. However, perceived usefulness did not significantly affect intention to use. In contrast, attitude had a significant influence on intention to use, which subsequently significantly predicted actual use. The findings indicate that students’ attitudes toward Google Gemini play an important role in shaping their intention to use the technology, while perceived usefulness alone may not be sufficient to drive intention. Overall, the findings support the applicability of TAM in explaining Google Gemini acceptance among HEI students and highlight the importance of fostering positive and accessible experiences when integrating GenAI into higher education.