Integrating BIM and Virtual Reality to Support Decision-Making in the Finishes Selection of Residential Buildings

Abstract

During the purchase or renovation of housing, a limitation exists in the finish design process for construction projects, as buyers cannot switch between various finish options for their apartments. Instead, they must depend on visual graphics or physical samples to imagine the appearance of these finishes in their home. Combining Building Information Modeling (BIM) with Virtual Reality (VR) presents a promising way to overcome this challenge. This study introduces a BIM-VR tool and a methodological framework designed to support decision-making when selecting finishes, with a focus on cost, waste reduction, and overall project perception. The research method adapts the Design Science Research (DSR) technique for developing an artifact through four key steps: (1) identifying the problem the artifact aims to solve; (2) defining the artifact’s solution goals; (3) designing and developing the artifact; (4) evaluating and fine-tuning the artifact. The tool developed allows for immersive walkthroughs within a digital replica of a residential building, along with the ability to customize and measure finishes. The artifact was assessed through a questionnaire administered to 53 potential residential end users, including potential apartment buyers and individuals interested in residential customization processes. The findings indicate a mean perceived-improvement score of 87.7 out of 100 for the BIM-VR method, reflecting participants’ favorable comparison between the BIM-VR and traditional finish-selection approaches. This innovation benefits the construction industry by enhancing stakeholder communication and supporting a faster design process in building finishes selection.