An Analysis of the Challenges Faced by Non-Pesantren Students of the Arabic Language Education Program in Mastering Maharah Kalam

Abstract

This study analyzes the difficulties faced by students in the Arabic Language Education (PBA) program, enrolled in 2022, who do not come from a pesantren background in mastering maharah kalam at UIN North Sumatra in Medan. The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results indicate that several factors influence students’ mastery of spoken Arabic, including intrinsic factors such as low motivation to learn Arabic, a lack of confidence when speaking, limited vocabulary, and weak command of Arabic grammar (nahwu) and morphology (sharaf). Extrinsic factors include the appropriateness of instructors' teaching methods, the intensity of speaking practice, peer support, and the language environment (bi'ah lughawiyyah). In addition, low self-confidence, fear of making mistakes, the lack of an established Arabic-speaking environment (bi'ah lughawiyyah), limited opportunities for speaking practice, teaching methods that are not sufficiently communicative, a lack of variety in Arabic-language learning media, and a scarcity of practice opportunities also serve as inhibiting factors. Efforts made by students to overcome these difficulties include increasing speaking practice, memorizing vocabulary, utilizing digital learning media, and practicing with friends.  This study is expected to serve as a basis for evaluation by faculty members and the PBA Study Program in improving the effectiveness of teaching the subject of maharah kalam.