Open access
Suffering (Ethical Considerations)
Abstract
The article analyses physical and moral suffering and asks about its instrumental and absolute value, contrasting the eudaimonistic view of suffering as evil with the perfectionist claim that it may enrich personality and possess positive value. Czeżowski ultimately distinguishes three possible positions – that suffering is evil, good, or intrinsically value-neutral – and argues that the choice between them depends on more fundamental worldview assumptions.