The article analyses the principles of integrity, objectivity, and impartiality in scientific research, arguing that they are grounded in the pursuit of truth and in the readiness to revise one’s convictions in the light of evidence and argument. Czeżowski defends the autonomy of science against political and social pr...
The article clarifies the conception of ethics as an empirical science, arguing that it is grounded in primary value judgements analogous to perceptual judgements and that ethical systems may be investigated by an analytical rather than exclusively inductive method. Czeżowski interprets goodness not as a property of an...
The article analyses physical and moral suffering and asks about its instrumental and absolute value, contrasting the eudaimonistic view of suffering as evil with the perfectionist claim that it may enrich personality and possess positive value. Czeżowski ultimately distinguishes three possible positions – that sufferi...
The article presents independent ethics as a system grounded in the rational justification of norms, universality, and the separation of morality from religion, law, and custom. Czeżowski argues that a complete ethical system should combine axiological and deontological norms, relying on empirical criteria of goodness...
The article analyses three types of axiological statements and distinguishes between the good, criteria of goodness, and goodness itself, arguing that goodness is not a representable property but an object of judgement. Czeżowski identifies goodness as the proper subject matter of axiology and compares its status to th...
The article distinguishes between axiological and deontic moral norms, arguing that the former define duty through the good, whereas the latter take the concept of duty as primary. Czeżowski shows that axiological systems have the structure of empirical theories, while deontic systems take the form of hypothetical-dedu...
The article analyses changing attitudes towards lying, linking its greater ease in modern times to the weakening of the traditional connection between words and reality and to the growing pragmatic and expressive functions of language. Czeżowski also argues that the moral condemnation of lying has become less severe, a...
Tadeusz Czeżowski· Ruch Filozoficzny· 0 citations
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