Analysis of The Acceptance of Fitness Apps Using A Modified UTAUT2 Model in Surabaya

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology in the healthcare sector has encouraged the widespread adoption of fitness applications to support physical activity monitoring and healthy lifestyle management. Despite their increasing popularity, many users do not consistently continue using these applications, highlighting the need to understand the key factors influencing future use intention. This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) by incorporating perceived performance, perceived playfulness, and health consciousness, aiming to provide a more context-sensitive and behavior-oriented understanding of technology continuance in digital health. A quantitative approach was employed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), with data collected from 414 respondents in Surabaya through purposive sampling. The results indicate that price value, habit, and health consciousness have a positive and significant effect on future use intention, suggesting that continued usage is primarily driven by perceived value, habitual behavior, and personal health awareness. In contrast, perceived performance, social influence, and perceived playfulness do not show significant impact, indicating a shift from functional and social determinants toward more intrinsic and behavior-oriented factors. This finding aligns with emerging inconsistencies in prior studies and may reflect increasing user maturity, where technology use becomes less dependent on performance expectations and social influence. Furthermore, age moderates the relationship between price value and future use intention, while gender moderates the effect of social influence. These results highlight a theoretical shift in UTAUT2 by emphasizing the growing dominance of behavioral and psychological determinants in explaining technology continuance in digital health contexts.