TL;DR
Developing a mechanistic framework that combines intrinsic T cell reprogramming with adaptation to the tumor context will be crucial for extending durable T cell-mediated immunity to solid cancers.
The biological mechanisms underlying resistance to CAR-T therapy in solid tumors are examined and emerging combination strategies designed to enhance tumor recognition, trafficking, persistence, and antitumor activity are critically evaluated.
This review offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and surmounting immunosuppressive barriers in cancer therapy and develops systematic synergistic strategies such as multi-pathway checkpoint blockade, ADC-immunotherapy combinations, temporally and spatially optimized conventional therapies, and targeted ag...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies, yet its broader application to solid tumors, chronic viral infections, and autoimmune diseases remains constrained by antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tissue microenvironments, T-cell exhaustion, limited...
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved remarkable clinical success in hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in solid tumors such as lung cancer remains constrained by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Aberrant vascular architecture and dense stroma constitute major phy...
Next-generation engineering strategies are being designed to overcome the obstacles that constrain CAR-T-cell efficacy in solid tumors and to guide the development of safer and more effective therapeutic platforms.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive and immunologically "cold" malignancy characterized by profound immunosuppression and limited responsiveness to immunotherapy. Its tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) exhibits defective antigen presentation, suppressive cytokine signaling, and abnormal stromal-metabolic i...
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