CityDeploy-Bench: Benchmarking Physics-Grounded Spatial Set Planning for Multi-Transmitter Network Deployment

Abstract

Automating city-scale wireless deployment remains challenging under complex urban propagation and network-wide interference. We introduce \textbf{CityDeploy-Bench}, a benchmark that reframes multi-transmitter deployment as \emph{physics-grounded spatial set planning} under a unified ray-tracing verifier. The benchmark separates utility representation from planning dynamics, enabling controlled comparison between direct scalar rewards, relational models, and higher-order interaction structures across diverse planners. Our experiments reveal a clear transition in planning behavior as physical coupling grows. Deployment quality becomes increasingly dependent on whether the learned utility captures collective transmitter interactions, whereas stronger search alone cannot compensate for missing relational structure. This establishes multi-transmitter deployment as a coordination problem over physically interacting sets rather than a collection of independent spatial decisions. We release CityDeploy-Data and the benchmark framework as a reproducible testbed for research linking decision learning with physically grounded wireless network design.