PENGARUH PSIKOLINGUISTIK TERHADAP READBACK-HEARBACK ERROR PADA PRAKTIK AERODROME CONTROL TOWER DI POLITEKNIK PENERBANGAN SURABAYA

Abstract

The effectiveness of aviation communication systems is a crucial determinant in ensuring air traffic operational safety amidst the widespread potential for spoken instruction confirmation errors. These operational issues trigger fatal miscommunication vulnerabilities between air traffic controllers and pilots in the field. The primary focus of this scientific study is to analyze the magnitude of the influence of psycholinguistic factors on the rate of readback-hearback errors in aerodrome control tower practice. This quantitative research employing an explanatory survey method utilized a twelve-item Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 21 cadets of the Air Traffic Control Study Program at Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic selected via purposive sampling technique. Numerical data processing procedures were executed systematically through validity testing, reliability testing, analysis prerequisite testing, and simple linear regression modeling using IBM SPSS Statistics software. The statistical tests demonstrated exceptional instrument reliability with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.980 and satisfied normality assumptions via the Shapiro-Wilk test (p=0.096 and p=0.081). A linear relationship was verified through a deviation from linearity parameter of 0.259. Regression modeling yielded the mathematical equation Y=-0.929+1.022X with a significance value of 0.000 and a coefficient of determination (R^2) of 0.997. The primary conclusion confirms that the decline in students' psycholinguistic capacity significantly triggers an increase in the frequency of instructional message reception and confirmation errors during tower simulation exercises. ABSTRAK Efektivitas sistem komunikasi penerbangan merupakan faktor determinan dalam menjamin keselamatan operasional lalu lintas udara di tengah maraknya potensi kekeliruan konfirmasi instruksi lisan. Masalah operasional tersebut memicu kerentanan miskomunikasi fatal antara pemandu lalu lintas udara (air traffic controller) dan pilot di lapangan. Fokus utama kajian ilmiah ini adalah menganalisis besaran pengaruh faktor psikolinguistik terhadap tingkat readback-hearback error pada praktik aerodrome control tower. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei eksplanatori ini menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert dua belas butir yang disebarkan kepada 21 taruna Program Studi Pemandu Lalu Lintas Udara Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Prosedur pengolahan data numerik dieksekusi secara terstruktur melalui uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji prasyarat analisis, serta pemodelan regresi linear sederhana berbantuan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS Statistics. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan keandalan instrumen yang sangat tinggi dengan nilai Cronbach's alpha sebesar 0,980 serta pemenuhan asumsi normalitas melalui pengujian Shapiro-Wilk (p=0,096 dan p=0,081). Hubungan linear terbukti melalui parameter deviation from linearity sebesar 0,259. Pemodelan regresi menghasilkan persamaan matematis Y=-0,929+1,022X dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 serta koefisien determinasi (R^2) sebesar 0,997. Simpulan utama menegaskan bahwa penurunan kapasitas psikolinguistik peserta didik terbukti secara signifikan memicu peningkatan frekuensi kesalahan penerimaan dan konfirmasi pesan komunikasi instruksional selama latihan simulasi di menara pengawas.