Dynamic frailty and incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese adults

Abstract

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), commonly defined as the co-existence of at least two of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, is associated with substantially increased mortality [1, 2]. Frailty is a multidimensional state of reduced physiological reserve and may change over time [3–6]. However, evidence linking both frailty progression and recovery to subsequent CMM remains limited. We therefore examined baseline frailty, frailty transitions