Development of an Ethnomathematics-Based Educational Game Tool to Improve Elementary School Students' Understanding of Mathematical Concepts

Abstract

This Research and Development study aimed to develop an ethnomathematics-based educational game tool, examine its feasibility, and determine its effectiveness in improving fifth-grade students' understanding of integer addition and subtraction at SDN 1 Penyaring. The study was motivated by low numeracy achievement, with only 39% of students reaching the minimum competency, and by the lack of contextual teaching materials that draw on the traditional game Jajar Telu. The ADDIE model was employed. Data were collected using validation questionnaires from a media expert, a design expert, and a material expert; student-response questionnaires from one-to-one, small-group (10 sixth-grade students), and large-group (23 fifth-grade students) trials; and a conceptual understanding test administered as a pretest and posttest. The resulting product, "Jajar Telu Bilangan Bulat," received feasibility scores of 76.25% (media expert) and 75% (design expert), both "feasible," and 90% (material expert), "very feasible." Student trials yielded 85% (one-to-one), 88.44% (small-group), and 91.58% (large-group), all "very feasible." The mean score rose from 44.35 on the pretest to 72.61 on the posttest, with an N-Gain of 0.49 (49.46%), categorized as "moderate." These findings indicate that the Jajar Telu educational game is feasible and moderately effective for improving fifth-grade students' understanding of integer concepts.