EFFECT OF PRE ANESTHETIC INTRAVENOUS KETAMINE ADMINSITRATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN PATIENT UNDERGOING REGIONAL ANESTHESIA WITH SPINAL ANESTHESIA (SAB) TECHNIQUE

Abstract

Patient recovery is disrupts by PONV, affecting 20%-30% and up to 80% in high risk groups. Although Subarachnoid Block carries lower PONV risk than general anesthesia, incidence remains significant when using neuraxial opioids. Administering low dose intravenous ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) may reduce PONV through opioid sparing effects, despite concerns regarding potential proemetic stimulation of the medulla oblongata. This evaluate the effects of pre anesthetic intravenous ketamine on PONV occurrences in patients undergoing Subarachnoid Block (SAB).This is an experimental, quantitative clinical trial approach, included 100 SAB patients allocated into an intervention group (pre anesthetic intravenous ketamine), and a control group. Collected baseline characteristics included age, gender, and ASA status. Univariate and bivariate analyses (Chi Square test with Continuity Correction) evaluate categorical variable relationships.Most participants were aged 40–59 years (50.0% intervention vs. 60.0% control). Female subjects made up 64.0% of the intervention group, while the control group consisted mostly of male subjects (70.0%). The prevailing physical status was ASA 1 for the intervention group (56.0%) and ASA 2 for the control group (52.0%). Bivariate analysis shows a significantly lower PONV incidence in the intervention group 10.0% (5 patients) compared to control group (28.0%, 14 patients). This was confirmed via Chi Square testing (p = 0.022). Pre anesthetic intravenous ketamin significantly decreases PONV incidence in patient undergoing SAB. Low dose serves an effective and safe intervention to mitigate postoperative nausea risks in regional anesthesia.