Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology

Abstract

The most prevalent type of cancer in males is prostate adenocarcinoma. Based only on histologic features, it can occasionally be challenging to distinguish prostatic adenocarcinoma from prostatic mimickers. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a negative immunological response to p63, along with positive staining for Alpha Methyl Acyl CoA Racemase (AMACR), cancer is diagnosed. The prostatic tumour suppressor gene NKX3.1 is found on chromosome 8p. While most primary prostatic adenocarcinomas stain positive for the NKX3.1 protein, most high-grade prostate cancers have it downregulated, and most metastatic prostate cancers have it completely lost (e.g., in 65% to 78% of lesions), according to most studies. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Nkx3.1 in combination with AMACR & P63 in prostatic adenocarcinoma. This was an observational, prospective & retrospective study involving 56 samples of biopsies and specimens, conducted over a period of 12 months after the fulfillment of the criteria. After following the standard protocol for specimen staining, the IHC was carried out. The correlated histopathological features in all the cases were selected, and the diagnostic utility was determined statistically. The data was collected and analysed using the Chi-square test, all the results showed 5% level of significance & 95% confidence interval with a p-value of <0.05. The maximum age group of the patients was within 70-80 years, with the maximum cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed in 42 (75%) patients, with 15 (26.8%) in grade 4. A high statistical significance was seen between the association of diagnosis with IHC expression. To distinguish between adenocarcinoma and its mimics of prostatic lesions, NKX3.1 as a diagnostic performance in a combination with p63 and AMACR proves to be significant. In suspected situations, IHC is advised to minimise diagnostic error.