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#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access

A dataset of formalised theorem statements from the Annals of Mathematics

Thomas Browning Katerina Hristova David Ledvinka Justus Springer Hang Lu Su Jack McKoen Kevin Buzzard
Oct 2026
Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Recent progress in autoformalisation of mathematics using AI has been impressive. Measuring this progress requires datasets of formal statements that are both hard and trustworthy. We present AnnalsChallenge: 50 formalised theorem statements written by hand in Lean 4 using Mathlib. Each is the main result of a paper published in the Annals of Mathematics since 2020. Every formalisation was manually reviewed and then audited by AI. We release them without formalised proofs.

DOI arXiv
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