SceneForesee: Learning Scene Evolution for Spatiotemporal Reasoning

Abstract

Large multimodal models (LMMs) need to understand how entities move and interact as a scene develops. This requires following the same entities over time and relating their observed motion to subsequent changes. We formulate Scene Evolution Understanding (SEU), a task for predicting and interpreting this change. Given observed video, a model estimates entity histories and predicts one scene continuation through future trajectories and Events, accompanied by Visual Evidence from observed motion and a scene description. We construct SceneForesee, a benchmark for evaluating entity continuity and scene evolution reasoning through paired observed and future scenes with shared entity identities. It contains 144.57K temporal pairs, 1.05M entity correspondences, and 272.49K Events paired with observed evidence. We propose a spatiotemporal reasoning framework, EvoSee, that learns future geometry and Event semantics through shared candidate states and joint assignment. It selects one continuation per entity from observation and uses the selected changes for entity refinement, retention, and scene representation. On SceneForesee, EvoSee outperforms Qwen3.5-9B by 10.45 points in Combined Point-F1 and 17.24 points in Event Global F1. On the 4D reasoning benchmark Dyn-Bench, it improves question answering accuracy and grounding J&F by 4.8 and 3.58 points over their respective base systems. These results support scene evolution as both a prediction target and a dynamic representation that brings predicted entity changes into spatiotemporal reasoning.The project is available at https://github.com/mikubaka88/SceneForesee-Spatiotemporal-Reasoning.