Proactive Physical AI through Continuous Observation and Timely Intervention

Abstract

Physical AI is commonly formulated around an explicitly specified task: given a goal or instruction, a system perceives, reasons, and acts. In many real-world settings, however, important tasks emerge from continuously changing world states before a person explicitly formulates them. We study this complementary problem as Proactive Physical AI, where an AI system continuously observes the physical world, identifies situations that warrant intervention, and initiates appropriate actions at the right time. We develop ProAgent, an end-to-end system built around two components: a Jev-style proactive timing model (dubbed StreamingJev) that determines whether and when intervention is needed, and a Response Model that generates responses for people or invokes available device capabilities for physical execution. To support learning at scale, we develop an automated data pipeline that converts videos into supervision for proactive timing. Experiments demonstrate strong proactive performance under both explicit objectives and standing roles, combining more accurate intervention timing with fewer false triggers than the source-backbone baseline. Real-robot evaluations further demonstrate ProAgent's ability to identify emerging needs and translate them into appropriate physical actions.