Power Quality Enhancement in EV Charging Stations using Intelligent Control Techniques
Abstract
The fast uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) has resulted in the proliferation of EV charging stations, which place a great burden on the contemporary power distribution systems. The harmonic distortion, voltage instability, reactive power imbalance, and incredibly unpredictable load demand are the key issues that are involved, due to the various loading behavior of the charging users. More dynamic and nonlinear conditions are more likely to surpass the conventional control approaches and result in poor power quality and efficiency of the system. To mitigate such problems, in this paper, an intelligent framework of control-based power quality improvement in EV charging stations is proposed. The suggested system will be an integration of real-time sensing, advanced signal processing, and predictive control, which is run on machine learning to dynamically monitor and control electrical parameters. In order to achieve stable grid interaction, a closed-loop design is employed, comprising of sensing units, intelligent controllers, and power conditioning devices such as active power filters and voltage source converters. The smart controller continuously compares the voltage, current and harmonic components with real time and predicts load changes in the future according to the learning-based model. Based on this analysis, the corrective actions are developed to mitigate the disturbances such as sagging voltage, harmonic injection and reactive power variations. The major power quality measures such as voltage deviation, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and power factor improvement are used to assess the performance of the proposed system. The experimental results have indicated that the performance of the system has been greatly enhanced with a dramatic reduction in THD, improved voltage regulation at peak load conditions, and near unity power factor at the peak load. The suggested framework will guarantee efficient, reliable, and adaptable working of EV charging infrastructure, making it appropriate to be incorporated into the contemporary smart grid systems.