Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‑associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) based genome editing in avian primordial germ cells: Comparative technologies, translational applications, and regulatory challenges

Targeted Gene Expression Modulation Using CRISPR/dCas9 to Investigate Pathogenic Outcomes in Tomato.

Strategies and mechanisms of precision genome engineering: From gene editing to genome writing

Genomic manipulation has advanced from stochastic nuclease‐mediated disruption toward programmable, deterministic precision. Early clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) strategies enabled targeted mutagenesis through double‐strand breaks; however, their therapeutic application is limited by genotoxicity, chromosomal instability, and dependence on endogenous repair pathways that are difficult to predict. In this review, we examined the transition from gene editing to genome writing, an approach that decouples genomic modification from host repair pathways to better balance efficiency, precision, and payload delivery. We also discussed the principles of precision technologies, including base and prime editors, and described emerging large‐scale writers, such as CRISPR‐associated transposases and recombinase‐based bridge RNAs, which enable the integration of multi‐kilobase synthetic modules. Beyond enzymatic mechanisms, we further considered the combined use of generative artificial intelligence, structural biology, and novel delivery architectures as potential strategies to overcome current biological limitations. Taken together, these developments point toward Generative Biology, in which computational design and high‐throughput screening transform the genome from a static substrate into a more dynamic model for complex, synthetic functional design.

Programmable RNA targeting with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) effector Cas7-11 in zebrafish embryos and mammalian cells

Findings establish Cas7-11 as a precise and efficient RNA knockdown tool for functional studies in embryonic development and stem cell biology, providing a versatile alternative to DNA-based gene-editing approaches.

A comprehensive review of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing in Leishmania strains: methodologies, applications, challenges and future directions

A consolidated guide for selecting suitable CRISPR-Cas technologies and underscoring important considerations for their continued development in leishmaniasis research is offered, highlighting the transition of CRISPR-Cas systems from proof-of-concept tools to versatile platforms for functional genomics, target validation and translational research in Leishmania.

RECENT ADVANCES IN HUMAN GENOME EDITING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "1000 YEARS OF HUMAN LIFE" PROJECT USING PRIME EDITING APPLICATIONS.

The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and their interaction with CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) genes was one of the greatest scientific breakthroughs of the century. The system was discovered as part of the adaptive immunity of bacteria and archaea, protecting them from plasmids and phages. CRISPR is considered a modern alternative to zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and TALEN nucleases, because the same protein system, Cas9, is used to edit different genes - it is enough to change the short guide RNA to direct the enzyme to the desired DNA region. Due to its high precision and efficiency, the Cas9 protein, derived from the CRISPR type II system, has found wide application in various fields of science - from medicine and biotechnology to agriculture and basic research. Keywords: CRISPR–Cas9; gene editing; prime editing

Compact 9dBEs Enable Efficient and Precise Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells and In Vivo

An efficient Cas9d system (Cas9dUltra) is developed through gRNA and protein engineering, and its base editors (9dBEs) further developed through gRNA and protein engineering, enabling efficient and precise genome editing in human cells.