Beyond Automation: Is RAMI 4.0 Ready for Industry 5.0? An MBSE Perspective

Abstract

Industrial production is increasingly shaped by automation, interoperability, and data-driven engineering. While these developments are commonly associated with Industry 4.0, the human role in such systems is often only implicitly considered. More recent discussions under the term Industry 5.0 therefore emphasize human-centricity in addition to efficiency and technological progress. Existing approaches for modeling industrial systems, such as the Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) and the RAMI Toolbox, provide valuable foundations for structuring and engineering production systems, but they do not yet offer a clear and standardized representation of human actors. To address this gap, this short paper discusses how humans can be considered within RAMI 4.0-based system modeling and investigates three representative use cases. The discussion indicates that humans are currently either not modeled explicitly or only implicitly interpreted within existing architectural views. Consequently, more systematic approaches, such as dedicated metamodels, modeling patterns, or digital-twin-based representations of human roles, are needed to support humancentric industrial systems in the sense of Industry 5.0.