TGR-EvoDAG: A DAG-based Multi-Agent Code Evolution Framework for Generative Recommendation on Tencent

Abstract

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have enabled automated code evolution for algorithm discovery. However, current recursive self-improvement (RSI) research for sequential recommendation faces a dilemma: general-purpose frameworks lack domain-specific feedback, while recommender-specific frameworks rely on linear evolution. Crucially, naively integrating them fails when applied to Generative Recommendation (GR). Unlike end-to-end models, GR relies on a module-cascaded pipeline (tokenization, pre-training, and alignment). In this paradigm, existing evolution methods suffer from: i) cost blindness, squandering budgets by ignoring stage-asymmetric retraining overheads; and ii) short-sighted evaluation, discarding promising upstream innovations that temporarily regress metrics before downstream adaptation. To bridge these gaps, we propose TGR-EvoDAG, a multi-agent code evolution framework tailored for GR. TGR-EvoDAG models code evolution as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to maintain multiple evolution branches and merge complementary innovations, unifying advanced search with rich GR diagnostic feedback. We further introduce stage-aware cost planning to optimize GPU-hour budgets, and active downstream co-adaptation to navigate temporary regressions and unlock cross-stage gains. On public Amazon datasets, TGR-EvoDAG enables the first autonomous evolution of a complete GR pipeline, improving offline metrics by up to 37.4% and Agent4Rec simulated user satisfaction by 19.7% over the strongest baseline. Furthermore, in industrial deployment on Tencent's large-scale commercial media platform, the evolved GR achieves a 12.16% relative improvement in offline Hit@1 and a statistically significant 0.40% increase in online click-through rate (CTR).