Comparative Evaluation of Cross-Linked Collagen Membrane with and without Silk Fibroin around Immediate Dental Implants-Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Immediate dental implants placed at the time of extraction help preserve alveolar bone, maintain soft tissue architecture, and reduce treatment time. However, compromised bone and soft tissue deficiencies may affect implant outcomes, requiring regenerative approaches. Silk fibroin derived from Bombyx mori has gained attention as a biomaterial because of its favourable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This study aimed to compare cross-linked bovine collagen membranes with and without silk fibroin around immediate dental implants for soft tissue regeneration. Materials and methods: Twenty healthy individuals were randomised into two groups following non-surgical periodontal therapy. Group I (Control) received a Cross-linked collagen membrane following immediate implant placement (n = 10), while Group II (Test) received a cross-linked collagen membrane with silk fibroin (n = 10). Immediate implant healing was assessed at the end of the 10th day, 1 month, and 3 Months postoperatively. Gingival tissue thickness (GTT) and keratinised tissue width (KTW) were evaluated at 1 month and 3Months. Bone assessment was performed at baseline and at 3 months post-intervention using Radiovisiography. Results: Silk fibroin membrane demonstrated significant gingival tissue thickness and enhanced keratinised tissue width with improved wound healing, and greater peri-implant bone stability compared to collagen membrane alone. Conclusion: Collagen membranes incorporated with silk fibroin may enhance soft tissue regeneration and peri-implant bone stability around immediate implant sites. Clinical Relevance: Functional composite membrane (Silk fibroin +Collagen) for Soft and Hard tissue augmentation around immediate implants provides greater peri-implant stability.