KnitTrans: Coordinated Trajectory Transfer for Effective and Efficient LLM Reinforcement Learning

Abstract

Trajectory transfer from rollout to training affects both learning quality and system efficiency in large language model reinforcement learning (RL). Enforcing batch-wide training requirements can delay the admission of completed trajectories, resulting in higher architectural staleness: the additional parameter-version gap from disaggregated pipelining relative to colocated execution. Beyond admission, misalignment between data access and training consumption causes redundant movement and unnecessary waiting when transferring large trajectory payloads. We present KnitTrans, a system that coordinates the rollout-to-training path through three designs. First, constraint-preserving mini-batch admission allows flexibility in early mini-batch composition, while checking that enough capacity remains to satisfy the remaining quotas. Second, on-demand trajectory data access matches storage units to consumer assignments and overlaps micro-batch data preparation with computation. Third, multimodal encoding deduplication supports reuse across a mini-batch while preserving gradient contributions from all backbone micro-batches. Experiments show up to 93% lower architectural staleness than with train-batch admission, narrowing the learning-quality gap between disaggregated execution and colocated execution. On multimodal workloads, KnitTrans reduces transfer latency by two orders of magnitude and achieves a speedup of up to 5.8 times in transfer plus training over the baseline.