Mar 2026· Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine· Vol 17, pp. 392 - 402· 0 citations· 25 references
Medicine
TL;DR
The trends and factors identified in this study can enhance public awareness, reduce risk factors, and support effective patient screening programs, and help health policymakers assess regional disease status and develop future strategies.
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to persist being the most important cause of death and disability in developing countries. Prioritizing the analysis of the current situation is the most effective approach to managing and intervening in any health issue. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological patterns of TB in Babol City over seven years. Methods: This study was performed from 2015 to 2021. For data collection, the information of all cases of TB patients registered in the system of the Tuberculosis Inventory of the health department of Babol Medical Sciences was examined. Results: A total of 307 individuals diagnosed with TB were included in the study. More than 60 percent were under 50 years old and the highest number was observed in the 30-39 years old age group. Most of the patients were males (67.4%) and more than 90% were new cases of TB. 73.9% were pulmonary patients and 85.9% were smear-positive. The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) had a notable decline, dropping from 7.05 per 100,000 individuals in 2015 to 5.26 per 100,000 individuals in 2021, which indicates a significant decreasing trend (P=0.012). Besides, there was a relationship between the type of disease (pulmonary/non-pulmonary) and age, gender, BMI, case of disease and history of TB-related hospitalization (p<0.05). Conclusion: The trends and factors identified in this study can enhance public awareness, reduce risk factors, and support effective patient screening programs. Additionally, these findings can help health policymakers assess regional disease status and develop future strategies.
The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic profile and temporal distribution of tuberculosis cases followed at the Marco School Health Center in Belém, Pará, from January 2020 to January 2025. A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, single-center study was conducted using secondary data from medical records and notification forms. A total of 131 patients were included. Most were male (56.5%), aged 21–40 years (35.1%), and self-identified as mixed race (62.6%). New cases accounted for 90.1% of the sample, and pulmonary tuberculosis was the predominant clinical form (78.6%). Among patients with extrapulmonary involvement, pleural tuberculosis was the most frequent form (59.26%). Smear microscopy alone was the most frequently recorded method of laboratory confirmation (41.9%), and 22.1% of patients initiated treatment without laboratory confirmation. The most frequent clinical manifestations were cough (61.8%), fever (52.6%), dyspnea (50.3%), and weight loss (47.3%). Analysis of laboratory parameters revealed a relevant proportion of missing information in medical records. The second quarter accounted for the highest proportion of notifications (35.0%); however, no significant difference was observed in case distribution among quarters (p = 0.9866). The findings show a predominance of new cases and pulmonary tuberculosis, with an epidemiological profile similar to that reported in local and national studies. The frequent use of smear microscopy alone and incomplete laboratory records are relevant aspects for assessing the diagnostic process and the quality of information in Primary Health Care.
Yuri Do Carmo da Silva, Gabriel Ribeiro de Souza, Julia Karine Miranda Rodrigues et al.· Revista de Estudos Interdisc...· 0 citations
Although the overall burden of TB in Iran has declined over the past three decades, the rising trend of drug-resistant forms highlights the continued need for strengthened early detection, surveillance of drug resistance, and targeted treatment strategies.
Yaser Sarikhani, Aida Nankalipour· journal of Health Research a...· 0 citations
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health problem, with Indonesia ranking second after India in the number of TB cases worldwide.
Objective: This study aims to describe the clinical profile of pulmonary tuberculosis patients hospitalized at Bombana District General Hospital during the period of January–September 2025.
Methods: This research employed a descriptive method using secondary data from medical records. The variables analyzed included gender, age, main clinical complaints, results of the Molecular Rapid Test (MRT), and chest X-ray findings. A total of 107 patients met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The study showed that the majority were male (70.1%) and aged over 60 years (43.0%). The MRT results showed that 28 patients (26.2%) were drug-sensitive positive, 1 patient (0.9%) drug-resistant positive, and 78 patients (72.9%) negative. Chest X-ray results indicated active pulmonary TB in 55 patients (51.4%), pneumonia in 12 patients (11.2%), pleural effusion in 8 patients (7.5%), and pulmonary TB with other diseases in 32 patients (27.1%). The most common clinical symptoms were Dyspnea and productive cough lasting more than 3 weeks (76.6%).
Conclusion: The results of the study show that pulmonary tuberculosis is more commonly experienced by elderly male patients with major complaints of the respiratory system. These findings confirm the importance of MRT examinations as well as chest X-rays in helping to establish a more accurate diagnosis.
Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Medical Record, Chest X-Ray, Dyspnea, General Hospital
Aisyah Amini, Intan Anugrah Pratiwi, Faskal Othneil Pratama Kaperek· Journal of Health Science an...· 0 citations
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe infectious disease that has significant adverse effects on the human body. In recent years, TB infections have re-emerged, with numerous cases recorded in various regions worldwide. This poses a major public health challenge for healthcare agencies.
Objective: We aim to analyze positive cases recorded in the "TB Diseases Statement Register," understand the epidemiology of TB, and assess its evolution.
Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in Guelma Province, northeast Algeria, from 2010 to 2013. Over the past decades, TB infection rates in Guelma have shown a bell-shaped fluctuation trend.
Results: The disease primarily affects adults aged 16 to 45 years. A significant difference was observed in infection rates based on geographical location, sex, age, and the bacterial site of infection (internal versus external pulmonary).
Conclusion: Despite the implementation of the TB-DOTS (Tuberculosis Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) program in Algeria to control the disease, new strategies should be adopted to further reduce TB cases.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2026;13(1):8-13
M. Rouaiguia, Fatma Djamaa, Amina Boussaha et al.· Bangladesh Journal of Infect...· 0 citations
Background and Objectives: Meningitis is an inflammatory disease of the meninges and spinal cord. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological trends and clinical-laboratory patterns of meningitis in Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study used meningitis surveillance data from the Iranian Ministry of Health portal (2013–2023), analyzed with SPSS-27 using chi-square and logistic regression.
Results: of 78181 suspected cases of meningitis 3.1% were confirmed as definitive cases (positive blood/CSF culture or PCR) over the study period. The highest number of confirmed cases was in children under five years. Geographically, most cases were in Isfahan (15.6%) and Tehran (13.2%) provinces, while Semnan (0.29%) reported the fewest. Peak incidence occurred in spring, with fever, headache, vomiting, and neck stiffness as common symptoms. The annual proportion of confirmed cases ranged from 3.4% to 13.8% (highest in 2014, lowest in 2021). Etiological agents among confirmed cases included Streptococcus pneumoniae (16.4%), viral agents (13.1%), Neisseria meningitidis (9.1%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (3.7%), and other pathogens (57.7%). Outcomes were recovery (42.1%), death (6.6%), ongoing treatment (46.1%), and unknown (5.2%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age significantly increased the likelihood of definitive diagnosis (OR=1.158; 95%CI:1.001–1.339), as did bacterial meningitis versus viral meningitis (OR=1.671; 95%CI:1.514–1.844). Sex and place of residence were not significant.
Conclusion: Meningitis remains a major public health challenge. Strengthening surveillance systems, early diagnosis, and preventive strategies are essential.
Azam Beik Mirza, S. Zahraei, Fatemeh Azimian Zavareh et al.· Iranian Journal of Epidemiol...· 0 citations
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by acid-fast bacilli is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Pakistan has the world's fifth-largest prevalence of TB, with 276/100,000 cases in prevalence and a mortality of 34/100,000. Delayed diagnosis, disruptions in treatment continuity and a lack of awareness are the key issues leading to multidrug-resistant TB. The current study aimed to find out the determinants of delayed pulmonary TB in a rural district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The cross-sectional study was conducted in six TB control program centers designated by the National TB Control Program from March to December 2024. Data were collected from 250 eligible patients, and after removal of incomplete questionnaires, the data of 229 patients were analyzed. The study was approved by the district TB officer, and participants' consent was obtained before data collection. A delay of >21 days was considered the cutoff point for delayed TB diagnosis. Among 229 patients, 51.1% were male and 48.9% female participants, with a mean age of 33.31±21.32 years. The mean diagnostic delay was 23.66±14.94 days. Descriptive analysis of data showed 52% of delayed TB diagnosis cases; 92.2% of the studied patients were from rural areas, in which 80% of delayed TB diagnosis cases were reported. Male gender [odds ratio (OR)=2.31], getting treatment from public hospitals (OR=4.13), age group 31-45 years (OR=3.10), presence of acute extrapulmonary symptoms of cough, fever, and weight loss (OR=2.84), perception that the symptoms will be relieved by oneself (OR=9.99), economic constraints (OR=6.58), and perception of the poor quality of healthcare services at hospitals (OR=7.32) were found to be significant factors of delayed TB diagnosis. Primary school- (OR=0.20), college- or university-level education (OR=0.42) and high-income groups (OR=0.39) were significant protective factors against delayed TB diagnosis. Marital status, occupation, residence, comorbidities, distance from healthcare facility, previous exposure to TB patients, fever, weight loss, chronic cough, hemoptysis, fear of diagnosis, fear of social isolation, and bad experience of the healthcare staff behavior were found to be non-significant factors for delayed TB diagnosis. The study only focused on delayed diagnosis and did not report healthcare system-related or total delay in tuberculosis management. The study affirmed the significant impact of patient perceptions and socioeconomic status on delayed TB diagnosis.
Amin ur Rahman, Zia Qamar, A. Fayaz et al.· Monaldi archives for chest d...· 0 citations
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